BIOS256 Week 5: Exam 2 (Oct 2026)
Identify the byproduct produced during the specified stage of cellular respiration indicated by the arrow.
- acetyl-CoA
- water
- citric acid
- ADP
- CO2 ✅
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Which of the following is a critical metabolic role of the liver that is impaired in cirrhosis?
- production of erythropoietin
- secretion of aldosterone
- conversion of ammonia into urea ✅
- filtration of blood at the glomerulus
- synthesis of calcitriol
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Which of the following is produced during the preparatory step in aerobic respiration and will enter the Krebs cycle?
- ethanol
- glucose
- acetyl-CoA ✅
- lactic acid
- citrate
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Which cells in the nephron detect sodium concentration and help regulate glomerular filtration rate through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
- macula densa cells ✅
- podocytes
- endothelial cells
- mesangial cells
- principal cells
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Identify the highlighted urinary structure indicated by the arrow.
- renal pelvis
- minor calyx
- ureter ✅
- collecting duct
- major calyx
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Which process in the nephron uses energy to help concentrate urine by creating a water-pulling gradient?
- countercurrent multiplication in the nephron loop ✅
- filtration at the glomerulus
- secretion in the distal convoluted tubule
- reabsorption in the minor calyx
- peristalsis in the ureter
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Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
- glucose
- FAD
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- carbon dioxide
- oxygen ✅…………………………………………..purchase this entire exam at $40 only
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