D115: Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse

D115: Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse (Objective Assessment)

TEST: PCC2

Question 1.
An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is assessing a teenage patient who presents with short stature relative to age, sparse body hair, a webbed neck, and widely spaced nipples. The APRN suspects a sex hormone syndrome and orders tests to check for the presence of gonadal streaks and a narrowed aorta.
Which syndrome is most likely suspected?

• ☐ Turner
• ☑ Klinefelter
• ☐ Marfan
• ☐ Cri du chat

Question 2.
An APRN receives genetic test results indicating the patient has a 45,X karyotype.
Which symptoms should the APRN expect to observe in this patient?

• ☑ Female, short stature, webbed neck, gonadal streaks, and sterile
• ☐ Low birth weight, severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, and heart defects
• ☐ Low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, protruding tongue, and low-set ears
• ☐ Male appearance, sterile, gynecomastia, small testes, sparse hair, and a high-pitched voice

Question 3.
An APRN is managing a patient with metastatic melanoma who has not responded to standard chemotherapy. The APRN discusses immunotherapy, which can help the body identify cancer cells and stimulate the production and maturation of white blood cells in the bone marrow.
Which biochemical messenger is being referenced by the APRN?

• ☐ Basophils
• ☑ Tumor necrosis factor alpha
• ☐ C1 esterase inhibitor
• ☐ Interleukin

Question 4.
As flu season nears, an APRN is coordinating flu vaccines for a geriatric population.
Which immune defense is targeted by this intervention?

• ☑ Innate immunity by increasing the volume of circulating eosinophils
• ☐ Native immunity by strengthening the epithelial barriers
• ☐ Adaptive immunity by triggering immune memory
• ☐ Natural immunity by enlarging the lymph nodes

Question 5.
Which cell is the main phagocyte in the immune system?

• ☐ Goblet
• ☐ Mast cell
• ☑ Neutrophil
• ☐ T cell

Question 6.
An APRN is invited to a community health fair to provide education on cancer prevention.
Which recommendation should the APRN include in the presentation?

• ☐ Participate in at least one hour of brisk walking per week
• ☐ Plan meals using the Mediterranean diet
• ☐ Limit alcohol intake to no more than 50 g of ethanol per day
• ☑ Maintain a body mass index (BMI) of 29.9 or less

Question 7.
A one-year-old child with sickle cell anemia presents to the emergency department with otitis media. Before discharge, the APRN educates the mother about immunization needs for children under two with sickle cell disease.
Which disease poses a significant risk to this child?

• ☐ Poliomyelitis
• ☑ Pneumococcal infection
• ☐ Respiratory syncytial virus
• ☐ Meningococcal infection

 Question 65

An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) reviews the medical record of a patient complaining of chest pain, dyspnea, and feelings of impending doom. Assessment findings include tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, jugular venous distention, and dysrhythmia. The medical team is concerned about inadequate perfusion to the heart and end organs.
Which disease process should the APRN suspect?

• ○ Hypovolemic shock
• ✅ Cardiogenic shock
• ○ Septic shock
• ○ Neurogenic shock

Question 66

An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) assesses a patient who was diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation. The patient has now developed a low-grade fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, altered mental status, and a general hyperdynamic and hypermetabolic state.
Which diagnosis should the APRN consider?

• ○ Anaphylactic shock
• ○ Cardiogenic shock
• ✅ Multiple organ dysfunction
• ○ Sickle cell syndrome

Question 67

Which condition could be a possible cause for >60 mg/dL of protein in cerebrospinal fluid analysis?

• ○ Parasitic infections
• ○ Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• ○ Tuberculous meningitis
• ✅ Guillain-Barré syndrome

Question 68

Which condition is associated with white cell casts seen during urinalysis?

• ○ Metabolic disorder
• ○ Hematuria
• ✅ Inflammation
• ○ Tubular necrosis…………..add to cart and check out to purchase this entire exam at $30 only